Head and Neck Cancer

Did You Get Your Vaccination?

What is Oral Cancer?

  • Among the top 10 most common cancers worldwide.
  • The most common head and neck cancer is squamous cell carcinoma in the epithelium, which is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal skin-like cells.
  • Common symptoms include mouth lesions, abnormal growths, bleeding, or loose teeth.

Types of Head and Neck Cancer

  • Oral Cancer: Affects the inside and back of the mouth.
  • Oropharyngeal Cancer: Affects the middle part of the throat.

Who is at Risk?

  • Men are three times more at-risk than women.
  • Highest incidence rates in white males.
  • Individuals aged 50 and older, although the infection responsible for the disease can be contracted during adolescence.

Risk Factors

  • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) status.
  • Tobacco and cannabis use.
  • Alcohol consumption.
  • Genetics.

What is Human Papillomavirus (HPV)?

  • HPV are DNA viruses that target squamous epithelia.
  • There are over 120 types of HPV, with 50% of infections associated with elevated cancer risk.
  • High-risk HPV types 16 and 18 can cause cancer by producing two proteins, E6 and E7, which disable the body’s tumor suppressor proteins, p53 and pRb.
  • HPV is the most prevalent Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI); 90% of sexually active men and 80% of sexually active women will be infected.
  • HPV is spread through intimate skin-to-skin contact and vaginal, anal, or oral sex, even if one’s partner doesn’t show symptoms.
  • HPV symptoms include warts in various areas across the body including: oral, nasal, conjunctival areas, genitals or hands.

Gator Health Alert!

Alachua County has a higher oral cancer rate (peaking around 20 per 100,000) than the Florida average (10-15 per 100,000). A possible reason for this is that HPV vaccination rates in Alachua are 10-15% lower than the rest of Florida in recent years.
You can get your vaccine at the UF Student Health Care Center.

What is the HPV Vaccine?

  • Gardasil 9 protects against nine types of HPV and symptoms including oral and genital cancers.
  • Administered as a two- or three-dose series.

Why Get Vaccinated?

  • Prevents over 90% of HPV-related cancers, including oral cancer.
  • HPV types 16 & 18: Cause 80% of cervical cancers.
  • HPV types 6 & 11: Cause 90% of genital warts.
  • Five additional cancer-causing HPV types (31, 33, 45, 52, 58).

Who Should Get the Vaccine?

  • Recommended for everyone up to age 26 if unvaccinated.
  • Boys aged 11–12: Target group to prevent oral cancer (CDC).
  • Girls aged 9–14: Key group to prevent cervical cancer (WHO).
  • Not recommended for pregnant women.
  • Does not treat existing HPV infections.

What Are Possible Side Effects?

  • Pain, swelling, redness, or lump at the injection site.
  • Headache, fever, nausea, dizziness, tiredness, or abdominal pain.
  • Serious allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) are extremely rare.

Always consult your healthcare provider with concerns.


For more information or to schedule an appointment, please contact:
UF Student Healthcare Center
2140 Stadium Rd
Gainesville, FL 32611
352-392-1161
UF Health Oral Medicine Clinic, UF College of Dentistry
1395 Center Drive
Gainesville, FL 32610
352-273-6741 | Fax: 352-294-8064


Information provided by:
UF Health Oral Medicine Clinic


More information can be found about the HPV vaccine on UF Health’s website on this page and about oral cancer UF Health’s website on this page.